The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde - 1012 Words

Robert Louis Stevenson’s â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† is a classic Victorian tale of good and evil. The novel tells the story of Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected scientist who so desperately needs to separate his morality from his self-indulgence. Aware of the evil side of his own being, he seeks to be free of it through scientific experiments resulting into the â€Å"bestial† Mr. Hyde. It’s a simple tale about the good and evil that exist in all of us. Through his brilliance, Stevenson creates an atmospheric saga that tells more about our nature to be either good or evil. He presents Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde as two very distinct and opposite beings who must coexist with each other. Despite their cohabitation, Mr. Hyde, being the vile one simply exists and his existence does not need justification. Unlike Dr. Jekyll, he doesn’t need to question his morality, or lack therefore of. He is completely liberated which then facilitate him into degenerating into being the most powerful, ultimately leading to the death of his cohabitant. This does not just depict the relationship between good and evil, but also the evolution — or downfall in that case, of a man ‘s rejection of his dual nature. This results into a tale about not just the dual nature of a man, but of society as a whole. The dualism message of the story is revealed trough the experiments performed by Dr. Jekyll. The plan for him was to fully separate good and evil; making them into two distinct entities. ButShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1440 Words   |  6 Pagescomplexity of human nature in his books, especially in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Kidnapped. The former is about a lawyer named Mr. Utterson seeking out the truth of Dr. Jekyll’s very strange will. He finds out that Jekyll was transforming himself into Mr. Hyde so that he could have the freedom to do whatever he wanted no matter how evil. By the time Utterson finds all this out and findsJekyll, he is too late and Jekyll has already killed himself. The latter is about David BalfourRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1196 Words   |  5 Pageswhich do let control you? The good or evil? This was a question that Dr. Jekyll from the book, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, could not answer. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a book about a man who cannot control the two sides of himself, causing him to do terrible things and not even be aware of it. The theme of this book is good versus evil. Dr. Jekyll is fighting his evil side, known as Mr. Hyde, throughout the book. Some people believe that the book’s theme hasRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesStevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a novella that follows the basic outline established by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein. However, Stevenson’s monster is not created from body parts but comes from the dark side of the human personality. In both novels, a man conducts a secret experiment that gets out of control. The result of these experiments is the release of a double, or doppelganger, which causes damage to their creator. While most people think that The Strange Case of Dr. JekyllRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde938 Words   |  4 PagesVictorian Hopes and Fears Involving Science as Found in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde During the Victorian Era there was a great race to use science to alleviate the suffering of the ill, specifically for those patients who were suffering from ailments of the mind. While some of the methods used to diagnose and treat such afflictions would be considered barbaric in nature by today’s standards, they were considered cutting edge medical science during the time of the Victorian Era. It was also consideredRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1505 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the latter portion of the nineteenth century, Robert Louis Stevenson published his novella, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The fin de sià ¨cle saw the rise of different thoughts and ideas surrounding science and society. These concepts and interpretations sparked the discourse surrounding the theory of degeneration; which was the concern that civilization would fall to a lower state of being. This chapter will be reading multiplex personality as a manifestation of th is broader culturalRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde964 Words   |  4 PagesThe Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson was published in 1886. The story is published during the Victorian era, the Victorian era was an age of repression, there was no violence, no sexual appetite, and there was no great expression or emotion. In the story, Dr. Jekyll creates a potion that turns him into Mr. Hyde, Mr. Hyde is the complete opposite of what people are in the Victorian era. At first, Dr. Jekyll is in control of Mr. Hyde, but towards the end MrRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1739 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson, the novel â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley, the short story â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† by W.W Jacobs and the short story â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. These four texts convey this theme through the use of gothic conventions such as death, madness and darkness. In the novels The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll are wronglyRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde took place throughout the time period of prosperity, when Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, due to the expansion of the British Empire and the industrial revolution. Because of this, Great Britain had become primarily the world s most powerful superpower. In spite of Queen Victoria becoming a powerful leader, the social morality changed from rationalism to romanticism, which in turn transformed the society of art, literature, politicsRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1351 Words   |  6 PagesThe Personas of Henry Jekyll Every person is born with bright and dark personas that people moderate due to the standards of society. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Jekyll and Hyde battle for the power to stay alive in the story. As Jekyll continues to try and take over his evil persona, Hyde tries to stay alive and cause evil in the world. In our society, many people will struggle with self control and Dr. Jekyll has trouble controlling his alter ego by performing his evil pleasures

Violent Sexual OffensesCritical Impact on Children Free Solution

Question: Critically examine the argument that children who commit homicide should not be prosecuted? Answer: Violent Sexual Offenses Sexual offending is a case of sexually abusing or victimizing another person. For the last twenty years, sexual offending has gradually increased among the western countries. The sexual offender may belong to same sex group or other sex group. The age difference may occur or the offender may belong to the same age group. In recent times, sexual offending is not only a problem in western countries, but it has also increased in other regions of the world too (Loeber and Farrington 2012). One of the most astonishing fact is that, juvenile criminals are also subjected for the crime of sexual offending. This phenomenon is a highly concerning matter, as children or juveniles are also committing sexual offending crimes disrupting the normal social structure of the society (Greenwood, Model and Rydell 2010). The main object of this essay is to highlight and critically analyze the issues of children who kill. Political and media responses against such cases is also evaluated as they play a vi tal role in normal society. Examination of such events is also to be carried out as these sorts of murder cases play an important role in changing the juvenile criminal justice system (Giordano 2010). Considering the fact that juvenile criminal committing sexual offending is a seldom event, but it is very important to broadly discuss about the issues as the rate of such events is gradually increasing. To discuss and analyze these factors, one thing that should be kept in mind that, it is important to find out the actual reason behind such criminal events (Farrington 2010). Child psychology play an important role in such cases as the offender is a juvenile and in most of the cases they commit such crimes without having knowledge about the consequences. According to R.N. Kocsis, juveniles commit a sizable minute amount of offenses. As per the statistical data collected by Ayres and colleagues, arrests made for the cause of sexual offenses during the period of 2000 to 2002 in England a nd Wales were about 7500 cases. The most concerning fact is that nearly 47 percent to 58 percent of adult sex offenders commit their first offense as an adolescent. This data only adds to the fact that, there is a huge possibility that, a juvenile sex offender will progress to and adult offender (Loeber and Farrington 2012). The minimum age considered to be the age of criminal responsibility is the age at which the child can stand trial and can be convicted of a criminal offense. The aspect of juvenile age limit is the fact that whether the child is committing the offense knowing the consequences and outcome of it (Farmer, 2011). In most of the cases it is observed that due to lack of knowledge about the consequences and outcome, a child commits a sexual offense. The minimum age limit in England, Wales and Northern Ireland is 10 years old. Till the year of 1933, the age limit was 8 years but, in 1933 the age limit was increased to ten years. In Scotland, the criminal age limit is 8 years, whereas, the age for conviction is about 12 years (Capriani). There is also a concern about the fact that whether a child offender possess the knowledge, consequences and outcome of the crime he has committed. Until the year 1999, there was a legal presumption which is also known as doli incapax. According to this presumption, the children who are under the age of fourteen do not know are possessed any knowledge about the differences between right and wrong. As a result, they were considered to be incapable of committing an offense. However, this presumption was abolished through the section 34 of the act known as Crime and Disorder Act 1998. In current times, the criminal law department treats children aged between ten to thirteen in the same manner as those aged fourteen or above. If we consider the current scenario in England, the statistical data shows that the number of children convicted of murder has fluctuated from year to year but still the number remains consistently low. Researching from the crime data, it is found that from the year 1979 to 1994, a total number of 108 young juveniles who were aged ten to sixteen. Among all these cases, eight of these were committed by the children aged under fourteen. Up to the year 1989, the number of murders committed by juveniles hovered around 20 cases per year (Cornish and Clarke 2014). There are some famous cases which can be discussed for the better understanding of these sorts of cases. The case of Ciaran Collins (1988) is one of the famous cases in the history of criminology. In the year of 1988, Ciaran Collins, abducted a two year old child named Sharana Joseph (Greenwood, Model and Rydell 2011). The incident took place at Borehamwood, Hertfordshire. After abducting, Collins took the child to a railway embankment where he murdered the child by suffocating her in soft mud. In 1988, he became the youngest boy in the United Kingdom to stand trial for a murder case. During his trial, Collins was described as a child who was lonely and disturbed (Feld 2012). The media primarily newspapers highlighted this news very much. The photograph of the child was printed on the front page. With respect to time, this news sensation was soon forgotten. One more surprising fact about this particular case is that there is a huge similarity between this case and the Bulger case (He ide, Solomon, Sellers and Chan 2010). Another case which can be discussed for its uniqueness is the murder case of James Bulger (1993). On 2nd February, 1993 James Bulger, who was a two year old boy was led by the hand by two other older boys from the Strand Shopping Centtre in Bootle, Mersyside (Smith 2011). The three boys walked together for about two miles through the busy streets towards the residential place of the older two boys. After two days, James Bolgers body was found on a railway line (Farrington 2011). The condition of the body was severe, it was found as cut in half by a train. The dead body was recovered and after examination, forensic report showed that his time of death was before the arrival of the train. Reports also stated that he was beaten with a hard object specially bricks, stones and a metal bar. His trousers and underpants also have been removed (Giordano 2010). There were clear signs of sexual abuse found in the forensic reports while a tin of small paint and four small batteries were found ne arby. The accused were two ten year old boys. They were charged with the offense of abduction and murder along with the attempted abduction of another boy on the same day. The boys were later on trialed at the Preston Crown Court in November 1993. They were found guilty (Jackson 2015). The name of the two boys, were Robert Thompson and Jon Venables. It was also concluded that the two boys were not aware of the consequences. Some theories also suggest that, at that age, boys generally experience puberty. Due the hormonal changes, and unknown of the outcome and consequence of such acts, they commit such crimes. But some theorists disallow this concept (Cipriani 2013). They suggest that crime and murder intentions are a psychological problem arising from mental trauma. Another case which can be highlighted is the case of Silje Readergard. In the year of 1994, five year old Silje Raedergard was beaten to death by two or three boys aged six. The incident took place in Trondheim, Norway. It is said that all of them were playing snow castle on a football field. While playing, the boys suddenly turned to the girl. The girl was consistently punched, kicked (Eady 2010). She was beaten with stones. After that, they stripped off her clothes. They ran away and let her die in the snow. The most significant aspect of this case was that both the James Bulgar and Silje case were somewhat similar (Barry and Leonardsen, 2012). The differences between these two cases were pointed out as the media coverage. In the Bulgar case, there were CCTV images, and tabloid newspaper coverage. In this case there were no such hype and evidence. The news was not covered by any Norwegian newspaper. The name of the boys was never revealed and the anonymity is protected till now (Sm ith 2011). The anonymity of this incident is the biggest loop of this case. Generally people should be informed of such cases. Criminal activities like this will aware people and they will give more attention to their child. The boys were never prosecuted for this offense. They were even enrolled in local infants school after a few weeks of the incident (Barry and Leonardsen 2012). This incident the lack of integrity of the government and their casual approach towards these sorts of cases. The government should be more concerned about such incident and providing proper law and justice facility. As the offenders were children, the government let them go (Pusateri et al. 2013). It was not even mentioned that whether the boys were disturbed or suffered from any sorts of psychological trauma or disorder. If this was the case, then it was a huge risk to admit those boys in the general infant school. It was a risky diciscion by the government and the authorities. These attributes should b e kept in mind in cases relating to this particular domain (Heidi et al. 2010). However the case that involved the child by the name James Bulger in the year 1993 was informed in the United Kingdom provided a nationwide panic and shock to the civilians. The CCTV footage has shown that two child by the name Thompson and Venables has abducted James Bulger inside the New Strand Shopping Centre. Around 3:40 pm Denise (the mother of James Bulger) realized that his child is missing, and she reported it to the local police. Later police identified the two kidnappers and identified the exact time of the abduction is 15:42 from the CCTV footage of the shopping center (Wolff and Smith 2011). Later the police investigated and found that the boys took Bulger 4 km across the Liverpool canal and then to the Walton village. Finally, they took shelter in the Walton and Anfield railway station where they committed endless torture and physical abuse to James Bulger (Barker 2012). It was found that the abductor threw blue modeling Humbrol paint in the left eye of the abducted chil d (Ravenhill 2014). Further investigation also showed that the offenders also placed batteries in the mouth of Bulger and was later stomped with bricks and stones. Moreover, Thompson and Venables was found to insert batteries in the anus of the child and an iron bar that nearly weights about 10.2 kg was dropped in the head of the victim (Pusateri et al. 2013). This inhuman torture resulted in skull fractures in the child's body resulting in the death of James Bulger. However, further investigation and forensic studies have shown that the child has faced a total of 42 fatal injuries in his body (Wolff and Smith 2011). The most pathetic factor in the James Bulger case was that the police also suspected the element of sexual abuse as his shoes, trousers and underpants were found to be removed. Moreover, the pathologists and forensic experts have reported that the foreskin of the Bulger's body has been forcibly retracted (Scraton 2014). The most pathetic thing that was found out by the investigators that the two murderers and abductors Thompson and Venables tried to cover the death of the child as a mere accident. For this reason, they left the corpse body of the child across the tracks of the railway line and put his head down on the rubble (Barker 2012). This was done intentionally in a hope that a train may crush his head, and that would show the death of the child as a pure accident (Scott 2013). Moreover, the found footage that was obtained from the CCTV camera of the shopping center has inflicted a mass sentiment among the civilians of the United Kingdom (Barry and Leonardsen 2012). The CCTV fo otage was seen at that time when the child body was already found beside the railway tracks in a lifeless corpse condition. However, the footage showed the last living and presence of the child that will always haunt the minds of the ordinary people as it will inflict a vague and false hope and possibility of intervention (Scraton 2014). However, this murder incidence of James Bulger case brings immense criticism towards the ordinary people who witnessed the sequences yet they did not come out and protected the child from the inhuman torture and molestations (Peelo 2013). It was investigated that there were more than thirty-eight people who have witnessed the various incidence related to the abduction of the James Bulger while he was dragged and moved away for more than 4 kilometers from the busy streets of Liverpool, Leeds and Walton (Pusateri et al. 2013). This irresponsible and unethical behavior of the witnesses also clarifies their role and futile influences that ultimately resulted in the death of James Bulger. However, this inhuman event has brought the nation in a sense of mass mourning in agony and collectively it was termed as the nation collective suffering' by various newspapers and television channels of the country during that time (Jackson 2015). Moreover, various journalists and reporters have claimed and represented the juxtaposition of innocent and evil. Where, Bulger was considered as the innocent victim and his killers (Thompson and Venables) as the evil and violent perpetrators. However, the current government of the nation of the United Kingdom has shown to deal with this incidence very maturely. Since the two killers and murderers were below the age of 18, they were trailed in the Crown Court of the country (Soothill et al. 2012). Moreover, various charges were brought against this two demonic child that includes sexual violence, molestation, abduction, and murder. But, in later stages, the European Court has claimed that the Crown Court of the United Kingdom does not commit proper justification, and they also denied appropriate and fair trial against the defendant Thompson and Venables (Selman 2013). Moreover , the European Court of Justice has stated that the ritual and formality that was done by the Crown Court of the United Kingdom has been very mysterious and was very intimidating for a child who belongs to the age group of eleven and twelve (Barry and Leonardsen 2012). Later, the United Nations Committee has released their statements in the context o f this event. They have published various reports on the Rights of the Child and critically reviewed the provisions of the Crown Court of the United Kingdom where they allowed the children to be processed in adult courts (Ravenhill 2014). However, the United Nations has suggested that the British Government to take proper care so that no child is treated as an adult inside the court arena. Nevertheless, in spite of all these the Crown Court has arrested them for a time period of 8 years and were provided with proper rehabilitation and was later freed in the year 2001 (Wolff and Smith 2011). The CRC or the Convention on the Rights of the Child proposed by the United Nations has established a treaty that defines that a child below the age of eighteen should be treated like any human being and should fall under the state or domestic legislation policy (Soothill et al. 2012). However, it also declares that the arrest and detention of the child and their imprisonment should be treated as the last resort (Green, 2008). Moreover, the detention should be based on the rehabilitation of the accused child and it should continue for a little time, and the child should face less number of confinement years compare to an adult criminal. Moreover, this United Convention's declaration also suggested that the children should not be sent to the prison rather they should be put in rehabilitation for proper rectification and evaluation procedures (Selman 2013). Most writers and analysts do not view that the children should not be held criminally responsible for according to them children cannot be held accountable for a criminal act since they are not appropriately attributed (Titus 2015). Most of the analyst believes that children lack the capacity to engage in proper ethical and practical reasoning. However, it is recommended to have good reasoning for the children for the reason of committing the crime. But, sometimes these ideas seem to be very much distorted as those children have been observed to answer their actions in terms of coherent reasoning (Selman 2013). Furthermore various research works and psychological findings have showed that the children have different motivational and reasoning for acting the crime, and they also possesses the capacity to perform various rationale actions. However, in most of the cases, people consider their inexperience and age as a determining factor and find them weak in using this capacity in terms of the criminal act (Nelson et al. 2013). Depending on all these factors various countries in the world has set up legislations and laws related to the age of a children. For example, age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales are considered legitimate from the age of ten. However, if it was found that the child is below the age of ten, then no criminal charges will be conducted against the child. Moreover, in the United Kingdom if the children belong to the age group of 10 to 14 then he/she can be convicted of the criminal offense based on genuine and authentic proofs (Luce 2013). On the other hand, the countries like Luxembourg consider the correct age for the criminal responsibility of a child is from the age of eighteen (Selman 2013). However, the United States of America consider 6 plus age as the appropriate age for accusing children if he/she commit any criminal activity. Moreover, the policy also focuses on the subject of not considering the child offenders as adults. As this act can hamper the anonymity of the child and would also fall under the direct scrutiny of the media. This will hinder and hamper their career prospect and this policy also violates the rights of the child as proposed by the United Nations in their convention (Nelson et al. 2013). Various Non-governmental organizations and human right activists have actively protested against the prosecution of the child. The reason that have put forward has a good justification and logistic reasons (Luce 2013). The court procedures and norms often made the children puzzled and tensed, and they might not understand the rules and regulations of the court policy and procedure. Moreover, most of the children would fear in speaking the truth in a public courtroom which is often considered as an open forum. Hence, this would refrain them from properly defending their act, which may result in false jurisdiction over the child. Moreover, the trial process of criminal prosecution often takes very long time, and this may refrain from getting proper treatment to the child if he/she requires appropriate therapy as that might result in prejudice their case (Barry and Leonardsen, 2013). For instance, the Bulger case took a total of nine months to come to the trial. However, it has been observed that juveniles are often not prosecuted for committing the same crime as that of an adult. Juveniles has the right to a public trial by jury. Moreover, the judge in the court can easily rule out the conviction by only hearing the trials and cases and can easily overlook the evidence. On the other hand, the juvenile system of justice differs immensely from that of the adults. In the case of the adult criminality, they are punished heavily whereas the juveniles are taken to the rehabilitation program and they are served in order to rectify them. Moreover, it has been observed that the children's court are very much open than that of an adult court system (Loeber and farrington, 2012). On the other hand, it has been noted that the media highlights the crime of a child very minutely when it is compared with that of an adult. Moreover, it has been noted that many children who committed a fatal crime have been released due to lack of evidence. However, the kil ler of Bulger was convicted due to the presence of the uncovered and raw evidence that was provided by the CCTV camera of the supermarket. Furthermore, it can be concluded by saying that the children are mostly released after committing a fatal crime due to their innocence, lack of experience and also due to lack of media focus (Greenwood et al. 2010). Moreover, the family of the children needs to take higher responsibilities in teaching the student with proper ethics and manner so that he can refrain himself from committing any criminal activity. References Barker, M., 2012. The newson report.Ill Effects: The Media Violence Debate, p.27. Barry, M. and Leonardsen, D., 2012. Inequality and punitivism in late modern societies: Scandinavian exceptionalism revisited.European Journal of Probation,4(2), pp.46-61. Cipriani, D., 2013.Childrens rights and the minimum age of criminal responsibility: a global perspective. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Cornish, D.B. and Clarke, R.V. eds., 2014.The reasoning criminal: Rational choice perspectives on offending. Transaction Publishers. Eady, D., 2010. Book Review: David A. Green When Children Kill Children: Penal Populism and Political Culture, Oxford University Press, 2008; 200 pp.: 13: 9780199230969, 52.50 (hbk).Criminology and Criminal Justice,10(2), pp.235-236. Farmer, E., 2011. The age of criminal responsibility: developmental science and human rights perspectives.Journal of Children's Services,6(2), pp.86-95. Farrington, D.P., 2011. Families and crime.Crime and public policy, pp.130-157. Feld, B.C., 2012. Adolescent Criminal Responsibility, Proportionality, and Sentencing Policy: Roper, Graham, Miller/Jackson, and the Youth Discount.Law Ineq.,31, p.263. Giordano, P.C., 2010.Legacies of crime: A follow-up of the children of highly delinquent girls and boys. Cambridge University Press. Green, D.A., 2008. Suitable vehicles: Framing blame and justice when children kill a child.Crime, Media, Culture,4(2), pp.197-220. Greenwood, P.W., Model, K., Rydell, C.P. and Chiesa, J., 2010.Diverting children from a life of crime: Measuring costs and benefits. Rand Corporation. Heide, K.M., Solomon, E.P., Sellers, B.G. and Chan, H.C.O., 2010. Male and female juvenile homicide offenders: An empirical analysis of US arrests by offender age.Feminist Criminology, p.1557085110387788. Jackson, D., 2015.Destroying the Baby in Themselves: Why did the two boys kill James Bulger?. Five Leaves. Loeber, R. and Farrington, D.P., 2012. Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications.Development and psychopathology,12(04), pp.737-762. Luce, A., 2013. Moral Panics: Reconsidering Journalism's Responsibilities. Peelo, M., 2013. Framing homicide narratives in newspapers: Mediated witness and the construction of virtual victimhood.Crime, Media, Culture,2(2), pp.159-175. Pusateri, A.E., Modrow, H.E., Harris, R.A., Holcomb, J.B., Hess, J.R., Mosebar, R.H., Reid, T.J., Nelson, J.H., Goodwin Jr, C.W., Fitzpatrick, G.M. and McManus, A.T., 2013. Advanced hemostatic dressing development program: animal model selection criteria and results of a study of nine hemostatic dressings in a model of severe large venous hemorrhage and hepatic injury in Swine.Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery,55(3), pp.518-526. Ravenhill, M., 2014. A Tear in the Fabric: the James Bulger Murder and New Theatre Writing in the'Nineties.New Theatre Quarterly,20(04), pp.305-314. Scott, S.L., 2013. The Death of James Bulger.Court TVs Crime Library. Scraton, P., 2014. Streets of Terror: Marginalization, Criminalization, And Authoritarian Renewal.Social Justice, pp.130-158. Selman, P., 2013. Scapegoating and moral panics: Teenage pregnancy in Britain and the United States.Families and the State: Changing Relationships, Palgrave. Basingstoke, pp.159-186. Smith, D.J., 2011.The sleep of reason: the James Bulger case. Faber Faber. Soothill, K., Peelo, M., Francis, B., Pearson, J. and Ackerley, E., 2012. Homicide and the media: identifying the top cases in The Times.The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice,41(5), pp.401-421. Titus, J.J., 2015. Juvenile Transfers as Ritual Sacrifice Legally Constructing the Child Scapegoat.Youth violence and juvenile justice,3(2), pp.116-132. Wolff, S. and Smith, R.A.A., 2011. Child homicide and the law: implications of the judgements of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of the children who killed James Bulger.Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review,5(03), pp.133-138.

Swot Analysis of Lux free essay sample

SWOT analysis is a basic, straightforward model that provides directionand serves as a basis for the development of marketing plans. Itaccomplishes this by assessing an organizations strengths (what anorganization can do) and weaknesses (what an organization cannot do) inaddition to opportunities (potential favorable conditions for an organization)and threats (potential unfavorable conditions for an organization). SWOTanalysis is an important step in planning and its value is oftenunderestimated despite the simplicity in creation. The role of SWOTanalysis is to take the information from the environmental analysis andseparate it into internal issues (strengths and weaknesses) and externalissues (opportunities and threats). Once this is completed, SWOT analysisdetermines if the information indicates something that will assist the firm inaccomplishing its objectives (a strength or op nternal Analysis The internal analysis is a comprehensive evaluation of the internal environments potential strengths and weaknesses. Factorsshould be evaluated across the organization in areas such as: y Company culture, image y Organizational structure y Key staff y Access to natural resources y Position on the experience curve Y External Analysis An opportunity is the chance to introduce a newproduct or service that can generate superior returns. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Lux or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Opportunities canarise when changes occur in the external environment. Many of thesechanges can be perceived as threats to the market position of existingproducts and may necessitate a change in product specifications or thedevelopment of new products in order for the firm to remain competitive. Changes in the external environment may be related to: y Customers y Competitors y Market trends y Suppliers y Partners y Social changes y New technology y Economic / Political environmen Operational efficiency, capacity y Brand awareness y Market share y Financial resources y Exclusive contracts y Patents and trade secrets Analysis is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. It is astrong tool, but it involves a great subjective element. It is best when usedas a guide, and not as a prescription. Successful businesses build on their strengths, correct their weakness and protect against internal weaknessesand external threats. SWOT Analysis helps in strategic planning infollowing manner-a. It is a source of information for strategic planning. b. Builds organization ¶s strengths. c. Reverse its weaknesses. d. Maximize its response to opportunities. e. Overcome organization ¶s threats. f. It helps in identifying core competencies of the firm. g. It helps in setting of objectives for strategic planning. h. It helps in knowing past, present and future so that by using past andcurrent data, future plans can be chalked out. SWOT PROFILE OF LU STRENGTHS1. Strong Market Research (door to door sampling is done once a year in Urban andRural areas). 2. Many variants (Almond Oil, Orchid Extracts, Milk Cream, Fruit Extracts, Saffron,Sandalwood Oil, and Honey to name a few). 3. Strong sales and distribution network backed by HUL. . Strong brand image. 5. Positioning focuses on the attractive beauty segment. 6. Dynamically continuous innovation of the product and brand rejuvenation  ± newvariants ( Aromatic Glow and Chocolate Seduction and Lux White Spa body wash) and innovativepromotions (22 carat gold coin promotion  ±  µChance Hai ¶). 7. Perceived to have high va lue for money (strong brand promotion but relatively lower price which is a winning combination in the popular segment). 8. Though it is in popular segment, it is having mass appeal/market presence across allsegments (15% of the soap market captured by Lux (sales / volume) 9. Unique advantage of having access to resources and assets of HUL. WEAKNESSES1. Lux is mainly positioned as beauty soap targeted towards women, hence it lacksunisex appeal. 2. Usage rate/ wear rate is high and is generally mushy and soggy. 3. Some variants like the sunscreen, international variant did not do well in the market. 4. Certain advertisements like the recent one with Shah Rukh Khan resulted incontroversial interpretations of the message of the advertisement and lead to some lossof focus (of message of the advertisements). 5. Stock out problems replenishment time is high in semi-urban/rural areas. OPPORTUNITIES1. Soap industry growing by 4% in India. 2. Beauty segment ¶s Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is very high. Anindication of this is that Fair and Lovely ¶s segment is increasing at a fast rate Lux mustreinforce its presence in the beauty segment. 3. More promotions like price-off and samples. 4. Retentive strategy required as the soap segment is in the mature stage of its productlife cycle. 5. Line extension  ± probably with more variants catering to the beauty segment likenatural, herbal soap etc. 6. Liquid body wash is currently in the growth stage  ± Lux should come out with morevariants in this segment. THREATS1. New entrants/local competitors/MNCs would increase the competition (Camay, P;G). 2. High internal competition  ± Pears also catering the beauty segment (also from HULstable). 3. Excessive dependence on beauty segment makes Lux vulnerable to changingcustomer tastes. 4. Technological change makes the existing products obsolete  ± Lux should focus ontechnological innovations like Body Wash. Conclusion It is not simply enough to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, andthreats of a company. In applying the SWOT analysis it is necessary to minimizeor avoid both weaknesses and threats. Weaknesses should be looked at in order toconvert them into strengths. Likewise, threats should be converted intoopportunities. Lastly, strengths and opportunities should be matched to optimizethe potential of a firm. Applying SWOT in this fashion can obtain leverage for acompany. As can be seen, SWOT analysis can be extremely beneficial to those whoobjectively analyze their company. The marketing manager should have roughoutline of potential marketing activities that can be used to take advantage of capabilities and convert weaknesses and threats

Congugation of Jeter in French

Congugation of Jeter in French   Jeter  is one of two verbs that means to throw in French, and conjugation of this common verb can be tricky for students to learn. But this stem-changing verb, like lancer (which means the same thing), is a very useful one to know. Youll use this verb to talk about sports and to describe everyday activities. Present, Future, Imperfect The first step in any French verb conjugation is to identify the stem and in this case, it is  jet -. Thats very important here because  jeter  is a  stem-changing verb. In the conjugations, you will notice that some forms use a double T while others retain the single letter from the infinitive form. Subject Present Future Imperfect je jette jetterai jetais tu jettes jetteras jetais il jette jettera jetait nous jetons jetterons jetions vous jetez jetterez jetiez ils jettent jetteront jetaient A series of infinitive endings are added to the stem to match  the subject pronoun  with the proper tense. For instance: je  jette   I throw  nous  jetterons.  Ã‚  We will throw   Present and Past Participles The  present participle  of  jeter  is formed with an s: jai jetà ©   I threwnous avons jetà ©.   We threw Subjunctive, Conditional, and Other Conjugations As you become more proficient in French, you may also need to know some of these tenses.  The subjunctive verb mood implies that theres a question to the verbs action. The conditional does not guarantee it either because the action is dependent on conditions. Youll probably only find the passà © composà © and the imperfect subjunctive when reading French. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je jette jetterais jetai jetasse tu jettes jetterais jetas jetasses il jette jetterait jeta jett nous jetions jetterions jetmes jetassions vous jetiez jetteriez jettes jetassiez ils jettent jetteraient jetrent jetassent In the imperative verb form, skip the subject pronoun because its implied in the verb. For these short exclamations, use jette instead of tu jette. Imperative (tu) jette (nous) jetons (vous) jetez ​​

Jan Steens Wine is a Mocker painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jan Steens Wine is a Mocker painting - Essay Example In addition, the title leads the viewer to identify it in a day to day context. At the same time, the real meaning is still hidden beneath the artist’s individual freedom to mock at the hypocrisy of human beings. Besides, the painting can be evaluated as a torn out page from real life with full of pain and grief. Thesis statement: The elements of design that can be seen in Jane Steen’s painting Wine is a Mocker prove that the work is comical but its theme, appearance, portrayal of life and message proves to be a serious work (special references to the elements of design). Theme The theme is simple because it deals with the human attempt to escape from problems in day to day life. Some people consider that consumption of alcohol is helpful to have temporary escape from the real world. But the escape is momentary and the real world is still there. In the painting, one can see a drunken lady and four children trying to help her. One of the most important elements of design made use by the artist in the painting Wine is a Mocker (see appendix -1) is point. To be specific, the artist provided ample importance to simple elements in the work. For example, the dog in the work is an unimportant element but it symbolizes life in the street. In the work, except the children, no one is ready to help the woman. ... The crafty usage of space helps the viewer to perceive the painting as two dimensional. The appearance of women The appearance of the women in the painting proves that she belongs to the lower strata of the society. This is important because it reveals the artist’s sympathy towards the downtrodden. The texture of the painting is smooth because it is painted in oil on canvas. One can see that the drunken woman’s appearance, especially her dress, reveals her character. One can see that the value (from grey color to black color) of the art work proves that the artist gives ample importance to black color and its different shades like light black and grey. The importance given to black and its shades prove that the artist selected the same to veil the humorous theme and to unveil seriousness. The drunken woman’s dress reveals that she is so conscious about her dressing. If a drunkard is in rugged dress, none will try to laugh at him or her. When a well dressed indivi dual is under the influence of alcohol, all the people will laugh at him or her. The dominating colors in the art work are black, grey, red and white. The combination of these colors binds the different elements of the artist’s craftsmanship to an appealing art work. The drunken woman’s dress and appearance does not help her to escape from the comments of the mass. When one considers the basic principles of design, it is evident that the drunken woman is the focal point of the art work. All the other characters in the background and foreground organizes the two dimensional structure of the art work. Besides, all the other individuals that can be seen in the art work are

Economics in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economics in Australia - Essay Example Process of economic examination have been more and more functional to fields that occupy populace in which officials are included making choices in a communal circumstance, such as crime, education, the family, health, law, politics, religion, social institutions and war. (Barro, Robert J. 1997). Economics as a modern regulation relies on thorough styles of dispute. Objectives include putting together the theories that are simpler, more productive and more dependable in their descriptive authority than other theories. Habitually examination begins with a straightforward model to cut off associations of a changeable to be explained. Complications may be confiscated in the other things equivalent to conjecture. For example, the quantity theory of capital theorizes an optimistic association between the price level and the capital supply, ceteris paribus. The theory can be experienced using economic statistics, such as a price index for GDP and a gauge of the money supply or say cash plus bank deposits. Econometric processes can permit for the power of challenging justifications and attempt to amend for noise from other variables in the nonexistence of a proscribed research. More lately, the use of tentative procedures in economics has significantly prolonged, demanding a previo usly renowned distinguishing characteristic of some usual sciences from economics. Exhibitions of reasoning within economic structures frequently use two dimensional graphs to signify theoretical relations. At an advanced level of simplification, Paul Samuelson's dissertation foundations of economic examination, 1947, illustrated how to use mathematical techniques to examine the category of declarations called operationally significant theorems in economics, which are theorems that can possibly be disproved by experiential information. Such declarations allow examination of a theory. Some decline mathematical economics. Therefore, in the Austrian school of economics it is quarreled that whatever thing further than the simple logic is probably needless and unsuitable for economic analysis. Still, economics has experienced a methodical, increasing formalization of perceptions and processes together for the use in the hypothetic deductive way of clearing up the real world incidents. An example of the latter is the extension of microeconomic examination to apparently non-economic areas, sometimes called economic imperialism. (Foley, Duncan K. 1999). Growth economics studies issues that clarify economic growth or in other words the boost in output per capita of a state over a longer phase of time. The same features are used to give details about the dissimilarities in the level of output per capita amid the countries. Much studied features take in the rate of outlay, populace growth and technical change. These are signified in academic and experiential and in growth accounting. At a more exact level, development economics observes the economic features of the growth process in comparatively low revenue countries with a focus on ways of endorsing economic growth. Approaches in development econo

Virtual Organization Strategy Paper Essay Example for Free

Virtual Organization Strategy Paper Essay Huffman Trucking is a company founded by K. Huffman back in 1936. World War II helped Huffman Trucking to move forward increasing their demand between the Midwest ports all the way to the East Coast ports offering their carrier services. Huffman Trucking started with only a single tractor-trailer and nine years later the company increased their size to 36 trailers. The U. S. Government, manufacturers of plastics products, and electronic consumer products are some of the primary customers who Huffman Trucking works with. With facilities in Cleveland, Bayonne, St.  Louis, and Los Angeles Huffman Trucking employs over a thousand personnel divided between drivers and support personnel. Team B analyzes the best option for Huffman Trucking between going public through an IPO, acquiring another company within the same industry, or merging with another organization. Comparing the strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats of all three options will help Team B to make a smart decision. Strengths of Each Approach Huffman’s Trucking has many advantages for a going public. The most distinct advantage is the financial benefit in the form of raising capital. Huffman’s capitals are to fund research and development, fund capital expenditure or even used to pay off existing debt. An increased public awareness of Huffman’s company is another advantage because IPOs mostly gain publicity by making potential customers aware of their products. This may cause an increase in market share for the company. Many companies have to cash in on the success of companies that they helped start-up using IPOs (Investopia, 2010). Advantages of Huffman merging and acquisitioning are to determine the short -term and long-term company strategic outlook of the new and determined company. This is many factors such as market conditions, differences in business culture, acquisition costs and changes to financial strength surrounding the corporate takeover (Berry, 2002-2010) A merger is justifiably simple and is not as expensive as the forms of acquisition are a primary advantage of the transaction. This is done because the firms agree to join their entire operations and to transfer the title to individual assets of the acquired firm to the acquiring firm (Williams, 2008). When companies merge, it reduces the number of competitors in the market and captures additional economic scales of the market. Merging will keep the company’s growth with the competitive advantages of both firms. Merger also enables the company to rebuild and strengthen the organization as firms involved in the transaction share strategies to make the organization stronger and more reliable, thus eliminate weaknesses in the firm. Weaknesses of each approach Hoffman Trucking also has to be aware of the disadvantages of developing an initial public offering. The initial public offering can be a risky investment for Hoffman Trucking as well as for anyone that is looking to invest in him or her. For the individual investor, it is tough to predict what the stock will do on its initial day of trading and in the near future because there is often little historical data with which to analyze the company (Investopia, 2010). The future values of the company going public are also of uncertainty. With no guarantee for the business or investor, the values of the stocks will eventually end. It is a risk that the business and investors will take with an IPO. The option for an acquisition also has some weaknesses that go with it. If Huffman Trucking decides to acquire another company to expand, they need to realize this can be quite pricey as well. As Huffman Trucking discovers another company as they want to acquire that as, they will probably pay a premium price per share for the new company. This is done to make sure all shareholders of the acquired company are happy. This is the one of the few ways to able to let their shares go. It is very difficult to put appraise a company that has not gone public. This is when Huffman Trucking will have to show how bad they want a company by how much they offer to the company. A merger may sound appealing as well but also has weaknesses. A merger is not as easy as it may seem. The merger must benefit both companies looking to come together. If one may benefit more than the other, the other may look for other ways to demand more for their business. With this it is tough to decide who and how many shares each merging benefactor should receive when finished. This is about coming to an agreement which is not always as easy as it may seem. Each business has an idea of what their business is with the other merging business may not see it the same way. Opportunities of each approach What Huffman Trucking has an opportunity to do is to invest in projects so they can sell their securities in exchange for cash. Because the company is growing this will financially give them funding to use so their projects will produce assets that will be immediate. What this will do for them is to grow IPO rapidly and bring more revenue with acquiring the funds to produce with new projects. Because Huffman Trucking is a business in the transportation industry this could acquire another company is the same type of business. Many transportation companies in the country they could merge with so their industry would be on big corporation. They could not do without the transportation industry otherwise the public would be without these products. If Huffman Trucking merges with another transportation company they would combine all of their trucks with many others with the east coast and the Midwest. This could make their company and other transportation companies much more successful to expand all over the country. Their mission is to be more profitable so they could adapt very well with any other company in the transportation industry today. Threats of each approach The threats that Huffman Trucking must prepare for whether they choose to go public through an IPO, acquire another company in the same industry, or merge with another organization. The threats that Huffman would face with going public through an IPO would be individual investor would not be able to predict what the stock or shares will do on its initial day of trading and in the near future because of the lack of historical data. Most IPOs are of companies going through a transitory growth period, and they are therefore subject to additional uncertainty regarding their future value. Another threat to an IPO would be when a private limited company such as Huffman Trucking becomes a public company; it is subject to more regulation and rules of the State. If Huffman Trucking chose to acquire another company in the same industry the potential for financial loss would be initially because of factors such as expenses for consolidating brands, quipment, and merging the organizational structures. Management styles, employee expectations, processes, and cultures must be also because the employees of acquisitions will ultimately drive performance, consume payroll dollars, and be the most from an acquisition. This is a huge threat to acquisitions because of the affect of not addressing these issues will slow and perhaps stop the integration process and be costly in both sales and profits (Boyer, 2010). Mergers also have threats that must be taking into consideration. According to Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, whether a forward or backward integration, the newly acquired firm may decide to deal only with the acquiring firm, thereby altering competition among the acquiring firms suppliers, customers, or competitors. Suppliers may lose a market for their goods, retail outlets may be depriving of supplies, or competitors may find that both supplies and outlet are not receiving what they need. This raises the concern that vertical integration will foreclose competitors by limiting their access to sources of supply or to customers. Vertical mergers may also be anticompetitive because their entrenched market power may impede new businesses from entering the market. Conclusion Huffman Trucking started business 74 years ago and works with big companies and with the US Government. Team B analyzed the best option for Huffman Trucking between going public through an IPO, acquiring another company within the same industry, or merging with another organization. Team B concludes that even though the IPOs are excellent to gain publicity by making potential customers aware of their products, the company is already known by big companies. Huffman Trucking is currently in a stage where their priority should be to expand their business. The decision to enhance the company is to either acquire within the same industry or merge with another organization. Team B recommends Huffman Trucking to acquire another company, expand their business, reduce the number of competitors in the market, and capture additional economic scales of the market. Team B considered the threads of all three options and acquiring another company is the best option for Huffman Trucking to move forward and gain market. References http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/ipoadvantagedisadvantage.asp